Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions. They are carrier proteins that bind retinol. Retinol and retinoic acid play crucial roles in the modulation of gene expression and overall development of an embryo. However, deficit or excess of either one of these substances can cause early embryo mortality or developmental malformations. Regulation of transport and metabolism of retinol necessary for a successful pregnancy is accomplished via RBP. Retinol binding proteins have been identified within the uterus, embryo, and extraembryonic tissue of the bovine, ovine, and porcine, clearly indicating that RBP plays a role in proper retinol exposure to the embryo and successful transport at the maternal-fetal interface.
RET proto-oncogene, also known as RET, is a cell-surface molecule that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. It contains 1 cadherin domain and 1 protein kinase domain. RET proto-oncogene belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, tyr protein kinase family. RET proto-oncogene is involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. It phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1 and regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. RET is required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis, involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life, promotes the formation of Peyer's patch-like structures, modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage, involved in the development of the neural crest. RET proto-oncogene is active in the absence of ligand, triggering apoptosis. RET acts as a dependence receptor, in the presence of the ligand GDNF in somatotrophs (within pituitary), promotes survival and down regulates growth hormone (GH) production, but triggers apoptosis in absence of GDNF. It also regulates nociceptor survival and size, triggers the differentiation of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors, mediated several diseases such as neuroendocrine cancers.
Resistin is an adipocytokine, which has been studied for its role in insulin resistance and recently in inflammation. The RETN and CAP1 polymorphisms and gene expression may be potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Resistin (RETN), recently found to be relevant to inflammation and inflammatory disorders.
RET proto-oncogene, also known as RET, is a cell-surface molecule that transduce signals for cell growth and differentiation. It contains 1 cadherin domain and 1 protein kinase domain. RET proto-oncogene belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, tyr protein kinase family. RET proto-oncogene is involved in numerous cellular mechanisms including cell proliferation, neuronal navigation, cell migration, and cell differentiation upon binding with glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family ligands. It phosphorylates PTK2/FAK1 and regulates both cell death/survival balance and positional information. RET is required for the molecular mechanisms orchestration during intestine organogenesis; involved in the development of enteric nervous system and renal organogenesis during embryonic life; promotes the formation of Peyer's patch-like structures; modulates cell adhesion via its cleavage; involved in the development of the neural crest. RET proto-oncogene is active in the absence of ligand, triggering apoptosis. RET acts as a dependence receptor; in the presence of the ligand GDNF in somatotrophs (within pituitary), promotes survival and downregulates growth hormone (GH) production, but triggers apoptosis in absence of GDNF. It also regulates nociceptor survival and size; triggers the differentiation of rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors; mediated several diseases such as neuroendocrine cancers. Defects in RET may cause colorectal cancer, hirschsprung disease type 1, medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple neoplasia type 2B, susceptibility to pheochromocytoma, multiple neoplasia type 2A, thyroid papillary carcinoma and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
Repulsive guidance molecule A（RGMA） is a cell membrane protein and belongs to the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family. It interacts with NEO1; BMP2 and BMP4. RGMA is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that functions as an axon guidance protein in the developing and adult central nervous system. It helps guide Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) axons to the tectum in the midbrain. RGMa has been implicated to play an important role in the developing brain and in the scar tissue that forms after a brain injury. This protein may also function as a tumor suppressor in some cancers.
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