TEK , or TIE-2 , is an endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is known as a functioning molecule of vascular endothelial cells. TEK comprises a subfamily of RTK with TIE , and these two receptors play critical roles in vascular maturation , maintenance of integrity and remodeling. Targeted mutagenesis of both Tek and its agonistic ligand , Angiopoietin-1 , result in embryonic lethality , demonstrating that the signal transduction pathways mediated by this receptor are crucial for normal embryonic development. TEK signaling is indispensable for the development of the embryonic vasculature and suggests that TEK signaling may also be required for the development of the tumor vasculature.
T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is a member of the CD28 family within the Ig superfamily of proteins. TIGIT is expressed on NK cells and subsets of activated; memory and regulatory T cells; and particularly on follicular helper T cells within secondary lymphoid organs. It binds to CD155 and Nectin-2 that appear on dendritic cells (DC) and endothelium. Ligation of TIGIT on T cells down-regulates TCR-mediated activation and subsequent proliferation; while NK cell TIGIT ligation blocks NK cell cytotoxicity. Through CD155 and Nectin-2; which also interact with DNAM-1/CD226 and CD96/Tactile; TIGIT is part of an interacting network of Ig superfamily members that may augment or oppose each other. In particular; TIGIT binding to CD155 can antagonize the effects of DNAM1.
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