HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1), also known as Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and T cell immunoglobulinmucin 1 (TIM-1), is a type â… integral membrane glycoprotein. KIM-1 protein is widely expressed with highest levels in kidney and testis. It has been shown to play a major role as a human susceptibility gene for asthma, allergy and autoimmunity. IgA1lambda is a specific ligand of KIM-1 protein and that their association has a synergistic effect in virus-receptor interactions. KIM-1 involves in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury. It had been confirmed that KIM-1 is a human urinary renal dysfunction biomarker. Moreover, KIM-1 protein is a novel regulatory molecule of flow-induced calcium signaling.
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein and it contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. The protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily; and TIM family of proteins. The protein regulates macrophage activation. It inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. It may be also involved in T-cell homing and it is receptor for LGALS9. CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2（HAVCR2）is a single-pass type I membrane protein and it contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. The protein belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily; and TIM family of proteins. The protein regulates macrophage activation. It inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. It may be also involved in T-cell homing and it is receptor for LGALS9. CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. It was the first surface molecule that specifically identifies Th1 cells in both mice and human. Recently, identification of Galectin-9 as a ligand for TIM-3 has established the TIM-3-Galectin-9 pathway as an important regulator of Th1 immunity and tolerance induction. Engagement of Tim-3 by its ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates IFN-gamma secretion and influences the ability to induce T cell tolerance in both mice and man. It suggests a novel paradigm in which dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states, such as multiple sclerosis. Recent work has explored the role of TIM-3 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and their results indicate that TIM-3 may represent a novel target for the treatment of SLE. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Tim-3 influences autoimmune diseases, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and its role in other inflammatory diseases including allergies and cancer is beginning to become clear. In tumor rejection model, soluble form of Tim-3 (sTim-3) significantly impaired T cell antitumor immunity, evidenced by decreased antitumor CTL activity and reduced amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor. sTim-3 as an immunoregulatory molecule that may be involved in the negative regulation of T cell-mediated immune response.
T-Cell Membrane Protein 3 (TIM3) is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily. TIM3 includes a signal sequence (aa 1-21); an extracellular region (aa 22-202) with one Ig-like V-type domain; a transmembrane segment (aa 203-223); and a cytoplasmic domain (aa 224 - 301). TIM3 regulates macrophage activation; inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. It may be also involved in T-cell homing and as a receptor for LGALS9.
Inserisci la tua e-mail e seleziona le aree di interesse per ricevere le ultime novità, approfondimenti e promozioni.
Seleziona uno o più ambiti di interesse per ricevere comunicazioni più utili e mirate.
2025 TEMA Ricerca - All Rights Reserved.
