The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contributes to the clonal expansion, survival, and development of T cells. It can also induce proliferation in peripheral monocytes, enhance T cell apoptosis induced by TCR/CD3 triggered activation, and regulate CD28 co-stimulation to promote Th1 cell responses. The expression of this receptor is induced by lymphocyte activation. TRAF adaptor proteins have been shown to bind to this receptor and transduce the signals leading to activation of NF-kappaB.
TNFSF13B/TNFSF20 belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. It abundantly is expressed in peripheral blood Leukocytes and is specifically expressed in monocytes and macrophages. Also found in the spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, T-cells and dendritic cells. A lower expression seen in placenta, heart, lung, fetal liver, thymus, and pancreas. Isoform 2 is expressed in many myeloid cell lines. A third B-cell specific BAFF-receptor (BAFFR/BR3) promotes the survival of mature B-cells and the B-cell response. Isoform 2 seems to inhibit isoform 1 secretion and bioactivity. Isoform 3 acts as a transcription factor for its own parent gene, in association with NF-kappa-B p50 subunit, at least in autoimmune and proliferative B-cell diseases. The presence of Delta4BAFF is essential for soluble BAFF release by IFNG/IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes and for B-cell survival. It can directly or indirectly regulate the differential expression of a large number of genes involved in the innate immune response and the regulation of apoptosis. Isoform 2 heteromultimerizes with isoform 1, probably limiting the amount of functional isoform 1 on the cell surface. Isoform 3 is unlikely form trimers or bind to BAFF receptors. Mature human BAFF consists of a 46 amino acid (aa) cytoplasmic domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 218 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with a stalk region and one TNF-like domain. Within aa 134-285 of the ECD, human BAFF shares 72% aa sequence identity with mouse BAFF.
Human TNFSF14 Protein; also known as LIGHT; belongs to a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. It can bind to NFRSF3/LTBR. It is a ligand for TNFRSF14; which is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily; and it is also known as a herpesvirus entry mediator ligand (HVEML). TNFSF14 encodes a protein with a 37 aa cytoplasmic domain; 21aa transmembrane domain and 182 aa extracellular region. The gene is predominantly expressed in the spleen and also found in the brain. Weakly expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissues and in heart; placenta; liver; lung; appendix; and kidney; and no expression seen in fetal tissues; endocrine glands; or nonhematopoietic tumor lines. TNFSF14 protein was found to probably function as a costimulatory factor for the activation of lymphoid cells and as a deterrent to infection by herpesvirus. Studies have shown that this protein can prevent tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated apoptosis in primary hepatocyte. Two alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
LIGHT, also known as TNFSF14 or CD258, is a newly identified member of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF14) that is expressed by activated T lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, spleen cells, and immature dendritic cells. TNFSF14 / LIGHT / CD258 is a type II transmembrane protein that is known to bind 2 membrane-bound TNFSF signaling receptors: HVEM, which is predominantly expressed by T cells, and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), which is expressed by stromal cells and nonlymphoid hematopoietic cells. TNFSF14 / LIGHT / CD258 also binds to a soluble nonsignaling receptor, decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which can modulate the function of LIGHT in vivo. TNFSF14 / LIGHT / CD258 can also costimulate T cell responses via HVEM, which is constitutively expressed in most lymphocyte subpopulations, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In addition, TNFSF14 / LIGHT / CD258 has been shown to suppress tumor formation in vivo and to induce tumor cell apoptosis via the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and an increased lymphocyte adhesion to cancer cells. Thus, TNFSF14 / LIGHT / CD258 is being actively investigated as a possible basis for cancer treatment.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells.
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