Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1, also known as SHP substrate 1, Inhibitory receptor SHPS-1, Brain Ig-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs, Macrophage fusion receptor, CD172 antigen-like family member A, SIRPA and CD172a, is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains two Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains and one Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. SIRPA is ubiquitously expressed. It is highly expressed in brain and detected at lower levels in heart, placenta, lung, testis, ovary, colon, liver, small intestine, prostate, spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle and pancreas. It is also detected on myeloid cells, but not T-cells. SIRPA is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor for CD47. SIRPA acts as docking protein and induces translocation of PTPN6, PTPN11 and other binding partners from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. SIRPA supports adhesion of cerebellar neurons, neurite outgrowth and glial cell attachment. It may play a key role in intracellular signaling during synaptogenesis and in synaptic function. SIRPA is involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled cellular responses induced by cell adhesion, growth factors or insulin. It mediates negative regulation of phagocytosis, mast cell activation and dendritic cell activation.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD180, also known as RP105, is a B-cell surface molecule belonging to the family of pathogen receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR). CD180 has an extracellular leucine-rich repeats and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD180 / RP105 interact with an extracellular molecule named MD1 and then together form the cell surface receptor complex RP105 / MD1 which induces B-cell activation in humans and mice, leading to proliferation and up-regulation of a costimulatory molecule, B7.2 / CD86. CD180 / RP105 also has a role in LPS response because B cells lacking RP105 show hyporesponsiveness to LPS.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) is a member of CD system. CD19 is a cell surface molecule that assembles with the antigen receptor of B-cells. This results in a descent in threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation. A simplified view holds that the ability of B-cells to respond to the various antigens in a specific and sensitive manner is achieved in the presence of low-affinity antigen receptors. CD19 primarily acts as a B-cell coreceptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81. The formation of the receptor complex is induced by antigen and CD19, induced by exogenous antigen, has been found cytoplasmic tail phosphorylated and bind to sIg.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) is a member of CD system. It's a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen- presenting cells which are implicated in the presentation of lipid antigens to T-cells. Due to the different lipid anchoring, the CD1 family is classified into two groups: group1 (CD1a-c) and group2 (CD1d). CD1d with lipid antigens activate NK T-cells which rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines after been activated.
Predicted to enable protein binding activity involved in heterotypic cell-cell adhesion. Involved in negative regulation of cell population proliferation, negative regulation of macrophage activation, and negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response. Located in cell surface. Is expressed in several structures, including anterior naris, aorta, bone, nervous system, and retina. Used to study autoimmune disease. Orthologous to human CD200 (CD200 molecule).
CD200 (OX-2) is a cell surface glycoprotein that imparts immune privileges by suppressing alloimmune and autoimmune responses through its receptor, CD200R, expressed primarily on myeloid cells. Signals delivered through the CD200:CD200R axis have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity, and overexpression of CD200 has been reported in a number of malignancies, including CLL, as well as on cancer stem cells. The role of CD200-CD200R signaling in immune regulation of the central nervous system has become a popular field of research in recent years. Many studies have shown that there is a close correlation between CD200-CD200R, microglia activation, and Parkinson's disease (PD). The ability of CD200 to suppress myeloid cell activation is critical for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis but may also enhance the survival of migratory neoplastic cells. CD200 and CD200R associate via their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. CD200 has been characterized as an important immunoregulatory molecule, increased expression of which can lead to decreased transplant rejection, autoimmunity, and allergic disease. Elevated CD200 expression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in a number of human malignancies. In addition, CD200 also plays an important role in prevention of graft rejection, autoimmune diseases and spontaneous abortion.
CD200 (OX-2) is a cell surface glycoprotein that imparts immune privileges by suppressing alloimmune and autoimmune responses through its receptor , CD200R , expressed primarily on myeloid cells. Signals delivered through the CD200:CD200R axis have been shown to play an important role in the regulation of anti-tumor immunity , and overexpression of CD200 has been reported in a number of malignancies , including CLL , as well as on cancer stem cells. The role of CD200-CD200R signaling in immune regulation of the central nervous system has become a popular field of research in recent years. Many studies have shown that there is a close correlation between CD200-CD200R , microglia activation , and Parkinson's disease (PD). The ability of CD200 to suppress myeloid cell activation is critical for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis but may also enhance the survival of migratory neoplastic cells. CD200 and CD200R associate via their respective N-terminal Ig-like domains. CD200 has been characterized as an important immunoregulatory molecule , increased expression of which can lead to decreased transplant rejection , autoimmunity , and allergic disease. Elevated CD200 expression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in some Human malignancies. Besides , CD200 also plays an important role in prevention of graft rejection , autoimmune diseases and spontaneous abortion.
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