Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis. In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells. Together with TRIM16, coordinates the recognition of membrane damage with mobilization of the core autophagy regulators ATG16L1 and BECN1 in response to damaged endomembranes.
LGALS7, also known as Galectin-7, is a member of the galectins family. The galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins. There are at least 14 identified members of this family. Galectins share similarities in the CRD (the carbohydrate recognition domain). They are synthesized as cytosolic proteins. Thoμgh localized principally in the cytoplasm and lacking a classical signal peptide, galectins can also be stimulated to secretion by non-classical pathways or targeted to the nucleus. Galectins are implicated in modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. LGALS7 contains 1 galectin domain and is mainly expressed in stratified squamous epithelium. Galectin-7 could be involved in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions necessary for normal growth control. LGALS7 is a pro-apoptotic protein that functions intracellularly upstream of JNK activation and cytochrome c release.
Galectin-9 is a cytoplasmic protein that contains two galectin domains. Galectin-9 is an S-type lectin that is over-expressed in Hodgkin's disease tissue. Galectin-9 binds galactosides and has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide. Galectin-9 plays a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus and Inhibits cell proliferation. Galectin-9 is a ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 and induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death. In addition, Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations CD44, VCAM-1, Integrin α4β1.
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