BCL2, apoptosis regulator(BCL2) Homo sapiens This gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Bcl-2 is a member of a family of proteins that regulates outer mitochondrial membrane permeability. Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic member that prevents release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria intermembrane space into the cytosol. Bcl-2 is present on the outer mitochondrial membrane and is also found on other membranes in some cell types. Natural Bcl-2 contains a carboxyl-terminal mitochondria targeting sequence. Recombinant Bcl-2, missing the mitochondrial targeting sequence, maintains its ability to neutralize pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Neutralization by Bcl-2 appears to be through binding the BH3 region of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. This activity does not require the mitochondrial targeting sequence.
BCL2 belongs to the Bcl-2 family. It suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. BCL2 regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. It appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. BCL2 inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1).
Transcriptional repressor mainly required for germinal center (GC) formation and antibody affinity maturation which has different mechanisms of action specific to the lineage and biological functions. In response to genotoxic stress, controls cell cycle arrest in GC B-cells in both p53/TP53-dependedent and -independent manners. Besides, also controls neurogenesis through the alteration of the composition of NOTCH-dependent transcriptional complexes at selective NOTCH targets, such as HES5, including the recruitment of the deacetylase SIRT1 and resulting in an epigenetic silencing leading to neuronal differentiation.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL-2 protein family. BCL-2 family members form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. The proteins encoded by this gene are located at the outer mitochondrial membrane, and have been shown to regulate outer mitochondrial membrane channel (VDAC) opening. VDAC regulates mitochondrial membrane potential, and thus controls the production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome C by mitochondria, both of which are the potent inducers of cell apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding two different isoforms. The longer isoform acts as an apoptotic inhibitor and the shorter isoform acts as an apoptotic activator.
A reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9 produces the Philadelphia chromosome, which is often found in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The chromosome 22 breakpoint for this translocation is located within the BCR gene. The translocation produces a fusion protein which is encoded by sequence from both BCR and ABL, the gene at the chromosome 9 breakpoint. Although the BCR-ABL fusion protein has been extensively studied, the function of the normal BCR gene product is not clear. The protein has serine/threonine kinase activity and is a GTPase-activating protein for p21rac. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
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