The interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor alpha (IL2RA) and beta (IL2RB) chains, together with the common gamma chain (IL2RG), constitute the high-affinity IL2 receptor. Homodimeric alpha chains (IL2RA) result in low-affinity receptor, while homodimeric beta (IL2RB) chains produce a medium-affinity receptor. Normally an integral-membrane protein, soluble IL2RA has been isolated and determined to result from extracellular proteolyisis. Alternately-spliced IL2RA mRNAs have been isolated, but the significance of each is presently unknown. Mutations in this gene are associated with interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have significantly elevated levels of IL2R in their plasma. Similarly, serum IL-2R levels are found to be elevated in patients with different types of carcinomas. Certain IL2RA and IL2RB gene polymorphisms have been associated with lung cancer risk.
This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Enhances all basic T-cell responses to a foreign antigen, namely proliferation, secretion of lymphokines, up-regulation of molecules that mediate cell-cell interaction, and effective help for antibody secretion by B-cells. Essential both for efficient interaction between T and B-cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigens. Does not up-regulate the production of interleukin-2, but superinduces the synthesis of interleukin-10. Prevents the apoptosis of pre-activated T-cells. Plays a critical role in CD40-mediated class switching of immunoglobin isotypes.
CD27, also known as TNFRSF7, is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily limited to cells of the lymphoid lineage, and exists as both a dimeric glycoprotein on the cell surface and as a soluble protein in serum. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of about 55 kDa existing as disulfide-linked homodimer, CD27 has been shown to play roles in lymphoid proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.It has an important role in the generation of T cell immunity and is an robust marker for normal memory B cells. It is a T and B cell co-stimulatory molecule, the activity of CD27 is governed by its TNF-like ligand CD70 on lymphocytes and dendritic cells. The CD27-CD70 interaction is required for Th1 generation responses to differentiation signals and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity, and meanwhile, plays a key role in regulating B-cell differentiation, activation and immunoglobulin synthesis.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is required for generation and long-term maintenance of T cell immunity. It binds to ligand CD70, and plays a key role in regulating B-cell activation and immunoglobulin synthesis. This receptor transduces signals that lead to the activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK8/JNK. Adaptor proteins TRAF2 and TRAF5 have been shown to mediate the signaling process of this receptor. CD27-binding protein (SIVA), a proapoptotic protein, can bind to this receptor and is thought to play an important role in the apoptosis induced by this receptor.
T-cell surface antigen CD2, also known as T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, and SRBC, is a single-pass type I membrane protein. It contains one Ig-like C2-type domain and one Ig-like V-type domain. CD2 is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on T cells and is recognized as a target for CD48 (rats) and CD58 (humans). CD2 has been shown to set quantitative thresholds in T cell activation both in vivo and in vitro. Further, intracellular CD2 signaling pathways and networks are being discovered by the identification of several cytosolic tail binding proteins. CD2 interacts with lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-3) and CD48/BCM1 to mediate adhesion between T-cells and other cell types. CD2 is implicated in the triggering of T-cells, the cytoplasmic domain of CD2 is implicated in the signaling function. The complex of CD2 and CD58 also plays an important role in enhancing the adhesion of T lymphocytes to target cells, and promoting hyperplasia and activation of T lymphocytes. As a cell surface glycoprotein, CD2 expressed on most human T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and plays an important role in mediating cell adhesion in both T-lymphocytes and in signal transduction.
CD2 interacts with lymphocyte function-associated antigen CD58 (LFA-3) and CD48/BCM1 to mediate adhesion between T-cells and other cell types. CD2 is implicated in the triggering of T-cells, the cytoplasmic domain is implicated in the signaling function.
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