Cluster of Differentiation 48 (CD48), also known as SLAMF2, BCM-1 and BLAST-1, is a GPI-linked protein belonging to the CD2 subfamily of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules. CD2 and 2B4 (CD244) are known ligands for CD48. CD48 protein is expressed on most lineage-committed hematopoietic cells but not on hematopoietic stem cells or multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. CD48 protein performs biological functions in a variety processes including adhesion, pathogen recognition, cellular activation, and cytokine regulation, and emerges as a critical effector molecule in immune responses.
Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. LCK then initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of T-helper cells. In other cells such as macrophages or NK cells, plays a role in differentiation/activation, cytokine expression and cell migration in a TCR/LCK-independent pathway. Participates in the development of T-helper cells in the thymus and triggers the differentiation of monocytes into functional mature macrophages.
CD4 is an approximately 55 kDa type I membrane glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly on most thymocytes and a subset of mature T lymphocytes. In humans, CD4 is also expressed to a lesser extent on monocytes and macrophage related cells. Human CD4 cDNA encodes a 458 amino acid (aa) residue precursor protein with a 25 aa residue signal peptide, a 371 aa residue extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin homology domains, a 24 aa residue transmembrane domain and a 38 aa residue cytoplasmic domain.
CD4 molecule(CD4) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein of T lymphocytes that interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II antigenes and is also a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus. This gene is expressed not only in T lymphocytes, but also in B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. It is also expressed in specific regions of the brain. The protein functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation, and may function as an important mediator of indirect neuronal damage in infectious and immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified in this gene.
CD50 is a 120-140 kD type I membrane protein also known as intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3). It is broadly expressed on leukocytes, endothelial cells, and Langerhans cells. CD50 is a member of the Ig superfamily. It provides costimulatory signal for T cells and regulates cell adhesion through interaction with LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18, αL/β2) integrin.
ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). ICAM3 is also a ligand for integrin alpha-D/beta-2. In association with integrin alpha-L/beta-2, contributes to apoptotic neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages.
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