This gene encodes a 110-kD transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue macrophages. It is a member of the lysosomal/endosomal-associated membrane glycoprotein (LAMP) family. The protein primarily localizes to lysosomes and endosomes with a smaller fraction circulating to the cell surface. It is a type I integral membrane protein with a heavily glycosylated extracellular domain and binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins. The protein is also a member of the scavenger receptor family. Scavenger receptors typically function to clear cellular debris, promote phagocytosis, and mediate the recruitment and activation of macrophages. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcripts encoding different isoforms.
CD6 is a member of the group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily. CD6 is a type I membrane glycoprotein and contains three extracellular SRCR domains. CD6 is expressed at low levels on immature thymocytes and at high levels on mature thymocytes. The majority of peripheral blood T cells, a subset of B cells, and a subset of neuronal cells express CD6. Mouse CD6 is a 626 amino acid (aa) protein with a 24 aa signal sequence, a 372 aa extracellular domain, and a 204 aa cytoplasmic region. The 668 aa human homolog has also been identified. The human and murine proteins share 70% aa identity over their full lengths. CD6 appears to play a role as both a co-stimulatory molecule in T cell activation and as an adhesion receptor. Studies demonstrating a mitogenic effect for T cells with some CD6 specific monoclonal antibodies, in conjunction with either accessory cells or PMA and anti‑CD2 mAb, support the concept of CD6 as a co-stimulatory molecule. Additionally, anti‑CD6 monoclonal antibody has been used as an immunosuppressive agent for patients undergoing kidney or bone marrow allograft rejection. It has also been used to remove CD6+ T cells from donor bone marrow prior to allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Other studies have demonstrated an adhesive role for CD6, it has been demonstrated to bind the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166). CD6/ALCAM interactions have been postulated to play a role in thymocyte development. Additionally, the presence of ALCAM on neuronal cells may provide a mechanism of interaction between CD6+ T cell and ALCAM+ neuronal cells. Phosphorylation of the CD6 molecule appears to play a role in CD6-mediated signal transduction. Serine and threonine residues become hyperphosphorylated and tyrosine residues become phosphorylated when T cells are activated with anti‑CD6 mAb in conjunction with PMA, anti‑CD2, or anti‑CD3 mAb. The CD6 intracellular domain contains regions that can interact with SH2 or SH3 containing proteins.
CD6, T-cell differentiation antigen, is a cell adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell contacts and regulates T-cell responses. CD6 functions as costimulatory molecule and promotes T-cell activation and proliferation. CD6 also mediates activation of the inflammatory response and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS.
CD70 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily (TNFSF), also known as CD27L and TNFSF7. It is normally expressed on medullary thymic epithelial cells. Its expression is induced on activated lymphoid cells (B cells, T cells, and NK cells) and dendritic cells. CD70 is a ligand for CD27, a co-stimulatory receptor that plays an important role in T cell activation and proliferation. CD70 overexpression has been reported in various tumors such as renal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma and it’s being actively pursued as a therapeutic target.
CD72 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein of 39-45 kDa and is expressed as a disulphide-linked homodimer. CD72 is a pan B-cell marker covering the full range of differentiation from the very early stages of B cells to mature surface Ig+ B cells. It is expressed in all stages of B cell development except plasma cells. CD72 is also expressed by dendritic cells, tissue macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen and von Kupffer cells in the liver. CD72 is the ligand for CD5. CD72 is a negative regulator of BCR signaling. Interaction of CD100 with CD72 strictly tunes the strength of BCR signals and is essential for maintaining immunological homeostasis as well as generating a proper immune response.
The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides to membrane-permeable nucleosides. The encoded protein is used as a determinant of lymphocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene can lead to the calcification of joints and arteries. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
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