The protein encoded by this gene is a plasma membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of extracellular nucleotides to membrane-permeable nucleosides. The encoded protein is used as a determinant of lymphocyte differentiation. Defects in this gene can lead to the calcification of joints and arteries. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
CD74, also known as the MHC Class II-associated invariant chain (Ii), is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that plays a critical role in the antigen presentation process as a chaperone of MHC Class II proteins. It is expressed at high levels on B cells and to a lesser extent on numerous antigen presenting cell (APC) types including dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, monocytes, and macrophages as well as non-traditional APCs such as epithelial cells. CD74 was initially identified for its ability to regulate the folding and intracellular trafficking of newly synthesized MHC Class II molecules. Following expression, CD74 self-assembles as a trimer that serves as a scaffold for the assembly of MHC Class II molecules. Through this interaction, CD74 blocks the peptide binding cleft of MHC Class II molecules and prevents their premature association with endogenous polypeptides. Binding to CD74 also facilitates the translocation of MHC Class II molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endocytic compartments during antigen presentation.
The B lymphocyte antigen receptor is a multimeric complex that includes the antigen-specific component, surface immunoglobulin (Ig). Surface Ig non-covalently associates with two other proteins, Ig-alpha and Ig-beta, which are necessary for expression and function of the B-cell antigen receptor. This gene encodes the Ig-alpha protein of the B-cell antigen component. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.
Required in cooperation with CD79B for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Also required for BCR surface expression and for efficient differentiation of pro- and pre-B-cells. Stimulates SYK autophosphorylation and activation. Binds to BLNK, bringing BLNK into proximity with SYK and allowing SYK to phosphorylate BLNK. Also interacts with and increases activity of some Src-family tyrosine kinases. Represses BCR signaling during development of immature B-cells.
CD79 molecule encompasses two transmembrane proteins, CD79a and CD79b, which form a disulfide-linked heterodimer and are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily (PMID: 2033258; 1375264; 2304550). CD79b molecule (also known as B29, IGB, AGM6, and Igbeta) is expressed almost exclusively on B cells and B-cell neoplasms, influencing antigen internalization and increasing antigen presentation efficiency (PMID: 7552998). CD79b mutation could be a key biomarker for DLBCL disease progression (PMID: 36182550).
Required in cooperation with CD79A for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Enhances phosphorylation of CD79A, possibly by recruiting kinases which phosphorylate CD79A or by recruiting proteins which bind to CD79A and protect it from dephosphorylation.
This gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes and mature T cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
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