Tryptophan synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly found in Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, and Plantae, but is absent from animals such as humans. Tryptophan synthase typically exists as an α-ββ-α complex.The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: L-serine + 1-C-(indol-3-yl)glycerol 3-phosphate = L-tryptophan + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O.The beta subunits catalyze the irreversible condensation of indole and serine to form tryptophan in a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent reaction. Their assembly into a complex leads to structural changes in both subunits resulting in reciprocal activation.
Antibodies against EEA1 are found in sera from patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases.,domain:The FYVE-type zinc finger domain mediates interactions with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate.,Binds phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and participates in endosomal trafficking.,similarity:Contains 1 C2H2-type zinc finger.,similarity:Contains 1 FYVE-type zinc finger.,subunit:Homodimer. Binds STX6. Binds RAB5A, RAB5B, RAB5C and RAB22A that have been activated by GTP-binding.
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins contribute to the maintenance of cell identity, stem cell self-renewal, cell cycle regulation and oncogenesis by maintaining the silenced state of genes that promote cell lineage specification, cell death and cell-cycle arrest. PcG proteins exist in two complexes that cooperate to maintain long-term gene silencing through epigenetic chromatin modifications. The first complex, EED-EZH2, is recruited to genes by DNA-binding transcription factors and methylates histone H3 on Lys27. Methylation of Lys27 facilitates the recruitment of the second complex, PRC1, which ubiquitinylates histone H2A on Lys119. Embryonic ectoderm development protein (EED) is a component of the PRC2 complex, which together with Ezh2 and SUZ12 is absolutely required for histone methyl-transferase activity. EED, SUZ12 and EZH2 are overexpressed in various types of cancer, including tumors of the colon, breast, prostate and ovary.
eEF1A, also named elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), is one of the eukaryotic elongation factors (eEFs), that function in translation. eEF1A binds GTP and interacts with amino acyl-tRNAs to promote the recruitment of amino acyl-tRNAs to the A-site of the ribosome. After GTP hydrolysis, GDP-eEF1A leaves the ribosome and is later converted back to the GTP-eEF1A by eEF1B. eEF1A is phosphorylated under certain conditions, indicating that its activity is regulated at the post-translational level.
This gene encodes an isoform of the alpha subunit of the elongation factor-1 complex, which is responsible for the enzymatic delivery of aminoacyl tRNAs to the ribosome. This isoform (alpha 2) is expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle, and the other isoform (alpha 1) is expressed in brain, placenta, lung, liver, kidney, and pancreas. This gene may be critical in the development of ovarian cancer.
Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components.
This gene encodes a motor protein that belongs to the kinesin-like protein family. Members of this protein family are known to be involved in various kinds of spindle dynamics. The function of this gene product includes chromosome positioning, centrosome separation and establishing a bipolar spindle during cell mitosis.
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