Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. This protein does not bind DNA directly, but through transcription factors MEF2C and MEF2D. It seems to interact in a multiprotein complex with RbAp48 and HDAC3.
Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to class II of the histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It contains an internal duplication of two catalytic domains which appear to function independently of each other. This protein possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription.
WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, also known as Epididymal secretory protein E4, Major epididymis-specific protein E4, Putative protease inhibitor WAP5, WFDC2 and HE4, is a secreted protein that contains two WAP domains. WFDC2/HE4 is a member of a family of stable 4-disulfide core proteins that are secreted at high levels. It is expressed in a number of normal tissues, including male reproductive system, regions of the respiratory tract and nasopharynx. It is highly expressed in a number of tumors cells lines, such ovarian, colon, breast, lung and renal cells lines. Initially described as being exclusively transcribed in the epididymis. WFDC2 may be a component of the innate immune defences of the lung, nasal and oral cavities and suggest that WFDC2 functions in concert with related WAP domain containing proteins in epithelial host defence. WFDC2 re-expression in lung carcinomas may prove to be associated with tumour type and should be studied in further detail. Mammary gland expression of tammar WFDC2 during the course of lactation showed WFDC2 was elevated during pregnancy, reduced in early lactation and absent in mid-late lactation. WFDC2/HE4 can undergo a complex series of alternative splicing events that can potentially yield five distinct WAP domain containing protein isoforms.
Heme oxygenase 1 cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed.
Heme oxygenase, an essential enzyme in heme catabolism, cleaves heme to form biliverdin, which is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase, and carbon monoxide, a putative neurotransmitter. Heme oxygenase activity is induced by its substrate heme and by various nonheme substances. Heme oxygenase occurs as 2 isozymes, an inducible heme oxygenase-1 and a constitutive heme oxygenase-2. HMOX1 and HMOX2 belong to the heme oxygenase family.
Hemoglobin is composed of heme and globin. The function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Three main types of normal hemoglobin are found in adults: hemoglobin A, hemoglobin A2 and hemoglobin F, namely alpha, beta, gamma or delta, which determine the type of hemoglobin. All normal hemoglobin is a combination of alpha chain and non-alpha chain. The alpha globin gene is located on chromosome 16. Hemoglobin A consists of a pair of alpha globin chains and a pair of beta globin chains, which produce 95% to 98% of adult hemoglobin.
HBA1 (Hemoglobin Subunit Alpha 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HBA1 include Hemoglobin H Disease and Alpha-Thalassemia. Among its related pathways are Folate Metabolism and Effects of Nitric Oxide. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include iron ion binding and oxygen binding. An important paralog of this gene is HBA2.
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