NAD Kinase (NADK) is an enzyme that belongs to the NAD Kinase family. It is a widely expressed enzyme, but it is not detected in skeletal muscle. NADK converts Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) into NADP+, through phosphorylating the NAD+ coenzyme. NADP+ is an essential coenzyme in metabolism and provides reducing power to biosynthetic processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis. The structure of the NADK from the archaean Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been determined.
Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor (By similarity). Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-TAAT[GT][GT]-3' or 5'-[CG][GA][CG]C[GC]ATTAN[GC]-3' (By similarity). When overexpressed, promotes cells to enter into S phase and proliferation.
Sialic Acid Synthase (NANS) is an enzyme that contains one AFP-like domain. NANS is ubiquitous and plays a role in the biosynthetic pathways of sialic acids. NANS produces N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). It also can use N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate as substrates to generate phosphorylated forms of Neu5Ac and KDN, respectively.
Human Natriuretic peptides B acts as a cardiac hormone; it is associated with many biological actions; such as diuresis; natriuresis; vasorelaxation; which inhibits the secretion of rennin and aldosterone. It acts as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart. Natriuretic peptides B can help restore the body balance of salt and water; improves the heart function. Natriuretic peptides B binds and stimulates the cGMP production of the NPR1 receptor and binds the clearance receptor NPR3.
Natural killer cell receptor 2B4 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 protein family.2B4 interacts with CD48, while other SLAM family proteins interact homophilically. Three additional splice variants of human 2B4 have deletions of the short region between the Ig-like domains, the second Ig-like domain, or a portion of the cytoplasmic tail.2B4 is expressed on all NK cells, γδ T cells, monocytes, some CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and some dendritic cells. CD48 mediates 2B4+ cell interactions with nearly all hematopoietic cell types, including cells of the same type. 2B4/CD48 signaling cooperates with other receptor systems to either promote or inhibit NK and CD8+ T cell activation. The inhibitory activities are distinct from those of MHC I restricted inhibitory NK cell receptors. Ligation of 2B4 with antibodies or CD48 constructs can either directly trigger inhibitory signaling or disrupt an inhibitory interaction, leading to cellular activation. The inhibitory effect is associated with the long form of 2B4, while the activation is associated with the short form. 2B4 can also induce signaling through CD48.
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