Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3 (NCR3) along with NKp44 and NKp46 constitute a group of receptors termed “Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors”. They play a major role in triggering NK-mediated killing of most tumor cells lines. NKp30 is a type I transmembrane protein having a single extracellular V-like immunoglobulin domain. NKp30 is selectively expressed both in resting and activated human NK cells. In addition; NKp30 is also involved in NK-mediated induction of dendritic cell (DC) maturation. It has been demonstrated that NK cell activation signaling specifically induces lytic activity against several tumor cell types and synthesis of new NF-κB dependent proteins during the initiation of cytotoxicity.
Protein NDRG1 is a member of the N-Myc Downregulated Gene family, which is part of the α/β Hydrolase superfamily. Protein NDRG1 is a cytoplasmic protein that is involved in stress responses, hormone responses, cell growth and differentiation. Protein NDRG1 is necessary for p53-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis. Protein NDRG1 mutuations are reported to be the cause for hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom. Decreased NDRG1 expression in glioma is linked to tumor progression; overexpression of NDRG1 is connected to malignant status of esophageal cancer.
NECAP2 belongs to the NECAP family. The WXXF motifs mediate binding of accessory proteins to the ear-domain of AP-1, GGAs and AP-2 through hydrophobic interactions. Adaptin ear-binding coat-associated protein 2 can interacts with AP1G1 and AP2A1 components of the adapter protein complex AP-1 and AP-2. It also interacts with the GAE domain proteins GGA1, GGA2 and GGA3.
CD112 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the Immunoglobulin superfamily. It comprises one Ig-like V-type domain and two Ig-like C2-type domains in the extracellular region. The V domain is believed to mediate nectin binding to its ligands. Nectin2 is known to bind the pseudorabies virus, and herpes simplex virus2 (HSV2), involving in cell to cell spreading of these viruses. It does not bind poliovirus. As a homophilic adhesion molecule, CD112 is found concentrated in adherens junctions, and exists on neurons, endothelial cells,epithelial cells and fibroblasts. CD112 has been identified as the ligand for DNAM-1 (CD226), and the interaction of CD226/CD112 mediates cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by T and NK cells. The costimulatory responses may be a critical component in allergic reactions and may therefore become targets for anti-allergic therapy.
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