NFkB is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. Activated NFkB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFkB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFkB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. NFKB1 appears to have dual functions such as cytoplasmic retention of attached NF-kappa-B proteins by p105 and generation of p50 by a cotranslational processing. This antibody can bind both p105 and p50 isoforms of NFKB1.
This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Proteins encoded by the v-Rel viral oncogene and its cellular homolog, c-Rel,are members of a family of transcription factors that include the two subunits of the transcription factor NFκB (p50 and p65) and the Drosophila maternal morphogen, dorsal. Both proteins specifically bind to DNA sequences that are the same or slight variations of the 10 bp κB sequence in the immunoglobulin κ light chain enhancer. This same sequence is also present in a number of other cellular and viral enhancers. The DNA binding activity of NFκB is activated and NFκB is subsequently transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in cells exposed to mitogens or growth factors. cDNAs encoding precursors for two distinct proteins of the same size have been described, designated p105 and p100. The p105 precursor contains p50 at its N-terminus and a C-terminal region that when expressed as a separate molecule, designated pdI, binds to p50 and regulates its activity.
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