EIF5A2 is a member of the eIF-5A family. It is a 153 amino acids protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF5A2 gene. EIF5A2 is expressed in ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines and highly expressed in testis.It has an important function at the level of mRNA turnover and mediates effects of polyamines on neuronal process extension and survival. It plays an important role in brain development and function, and in skeletal muscle stem cell differentiation.
E twenty-six (ETS)-like transcription factor 1, also known as Elk1 or Member of ETS oncogene family (ELK1), is a member of the ETS oncogene superfamily which is characterized by a common protein domain that regulates DNA binding to target sequences. Elk1 is expressed in the nuclei of non-neuronal cells and function as a transcription activator. It plays important roles in various contexts, including long-term memory formation, drug addiction, Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, breast cancer, and depression.
This gene encodes a protein that is one of the two components of elastic fibers. The encoded protein is rich in hydrophobic amino acids such as glycine and proline, which form mobile hydrophobic regions bounded by crosslinks between lysine residues. Deletions and mutations in this gene are associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) and autosomal dominant cutis laxa. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Endoglin, also known as CD105, is a type I homodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein with a large, disulfide-linked, extracellular region and a short, constitutively phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail. Endoglin contains an RGD tripeptide which is a key recognition structure in cellular adhesion,,suggesting a critical role for endoglin in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins and/or other RGD receptors. Endoglin is highly expressed on vascular endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and syncytiotrophoblasts of term placenta. It is also found on activated monocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and leukemic cells of lymphoid and myeloid lineages. As an accessory receptor for the TGF-β superfamily ligands, endoglin binds TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 with high affinity not by itself but by associating with TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) and activates the downstream signal pathways. In addition, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, ALK-1 is also a receptor kinase for endoglin threonine phosphorylation, and mutations in either of the two genes result in the autosomal-dominant vascular dysplasia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Endoglin has been regarded as a powerful biomarker of neovascularization, and is associated with several solid tumor types.
Endoglin is a single-pass type I membrane protein which restricted to endothelial cells in all tissues except bone marrow. Endoglin as major glycoprotein of vascular endothelium, it has been found on endothelial cells, activated macrophages, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Homodimer forms a heteromeric complex with the signaling receptors for transforming growth factor-beta: TGFBR1 and/or TGFBR2. It may have an important role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins and/or other RGD receptors. Defects in ENG are the cause of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1), which is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia, characterized by recurrent epistaxis, muco-cutaneous telangiectases, gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, and pulmonary (PAVM), cerebral (CAVM) and hepatic arteriovenous malformations.
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