Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a signal type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the EPCAM family. EpCAM is composed of an extracellular domain with one thyroglobulin type-1 domain; a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. EpCAM is found on the surface of adenocarcinoma; but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. The EpCAM molecule has been shown to function as a homophilic Ca2+ independent adhesion molecule. It may act as a physical homophilic interaction molecule between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) at the mucosal epithelium as an immunological barrier providing the first line of defense against infection. Defects in EPCAM are a cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer type 8 (HNPCC8) and diarrhea type 5 (DIAR5). EpCAM plays a role in embryonic stem cells proliferation and differentiation; it up-regulates the expression of FABP5; MYC and Cyclin A and Cyclin E. It is highly and selectively expressed by undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), also known as GA733-2 antigen, is a type â…transmembrane glycoprotein composed of an extracellular domain with two EGF-Like repeats and a cystenin-rich region, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. It modulates cell adhesion and proliferation. Its overexpression has been detected in many epithelial tumours and has been associated with high stage, high grade and a worse survival in some tumour types. EpCAM has been shown to function as a calcium-independent homophilic cell adhesion molecule that does not exhibit any obvious relationship to the four known cell adhesion molecule superfamilies. However, recent insights have revealed that EpCAM participates in not only cell adhesion, but also in proliferation, migration and differentiation of cells. In addition, recent study revealed that EpCAM is the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling target gene and may be used to facilitate prognosis. It has oncogenic potential and is activated by release of its intracellular domain, which can signal into the cell nucleus by engagement of elements of the wnt pathway.
Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) , also known as GA733-2 antigen , is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein composed of an extracellular domain with two EGF-Like repeats and a cystenin-rich region , a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. It modulates cell adhesion and proliferation. Its overexpression has been detected in many epithelial tumours and has been associated with high stage , high grade and a worse survival in some tumour types. EpCAM has been shown to function as a calcium-independent homophilic cell adhesion molecule that does not exhibit any obvious relationship to the four known cell adhesion molecule superfamilies. However , recent insights have revealed that EpCAM participates in not only cell adhesion , but also in proliferation , migration and differentiation of cells. In addition , recent study revealed that EpCAM is the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling target gene and may be used to facilitate prognosis. It has oncogenic potential and is activated by release of its intracellular domain , which can signal into the cell nucleus by engagement of elements of the wnt pathway.
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