Alpha-enolase, also known as MPB-1, NNE, Enolase 1, belongs to the enolase family. Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific. ENO1 interacts with PLG in the neuronal plasma membrane and promotes its activation. The C-terminal lysine is required for this binding. Isoform MBP-1 interacts with TRAPPC2B. ENO1 interacts with ENO4 and PGAM2. The alpha/alpha homodimer of ENO1 is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons. During ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimerin striated muscle cells, and to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells. Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses and may also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. ENO1 also stimulates immunoglobulin production.
Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production. MBP1 binds to the myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be a tumor suppressor.
Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival.
ENPP5 is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family(NPP). It is a family comprised by dimeric enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate diester bonds. There are seven isoforms in NPP family, some of which prefer nucleotide substrates, some of which prefer phospholipid substrates, and others of which prefer substrates that have not yet been determined. NPP also belongs to the alkaline phosphatase (AP) superfamily of enzymes and they are located in the cell membrane and hydrolyze extracellular phosphate diesters to affect a wide variety of biological processes. ENPP5 belongs to a group of nucleotidemetabolizing ectoenzymes, which regulate the availability of extracellular nucleotides. ENPP5 may play a role in neuronal cell communication. Hhowever, it lacks nucleotide pyrophosphatase and lysopholipase D activity. It may also be involved in neuronal cell communication. The amino acid sequence of human ENPP5 is 100%, 88%, and 82% identical to that of chimpanzee, dog and mouse/rat. ENPP5 functions in phospholipid metabolism.
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