CSF2 (Colony Stimulating Factor 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CSF2 include Mucositis and Candida Glabrata. Among its related pathways are RET signaling and IL-15 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types. GO annotations related to this gene include cytokine activity and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that controls the production, differentiation, and function of granulocytes and macrophages. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. This gene has been localized to a cluster of related genes at chromosome region 5q31, which is known to be associated with interstitial deletions in the 5q-syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. Other genes in the cluster include those encoding interleukins 4, 5, and 13.
GMFB is a nerve growth factor which belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family, GMF subfamily. GMFB is involved in nervous system development, angiogenesis and immune function. It is especially crucial for the nervous system. GMFB causes brain cell differentiation, stimulates neural regeneration and inhibits tumor cell proliferation. It contains 1 ADF-H domain and is phosphorylated after phorbol ester stimulation. GMFB overexpression in astrocytes results in the increase of BDNF production. GMFB expression is increased by exercise, thus BDNF is important for exercise-induction of BDNF.
Glia maturation factor beta (GMFB) contains a ADF-H domain,which is a member of the actin-binding proteins ADF family, GMF subfamily. It is a nerve growth factor implicated in nervous system development, angiogenesis and immune function. GMFB causes differentiation of brain cells, stimulation of neural regeneration, and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells. It is phosphorylated after phorbol ester stimulation, and is crucial for the nervous system. GMFB overexpression in astrocytes results in the increase of BDNF production. GMFB expression is increased by exercise, thus BDNF is important for exercise-induction of BDNF.
GMPR; also known as GMPR1; belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family.This familyofenzymesincludesIMP dehydrogenaseandGMP reductase. These enzymes are involved inpurine metabolism and adopt aTIM barrelstructure. GMPR is an enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible and NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of GMP to IMP. GMPR functions in the conversion of nucleobase; nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides; and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides.
GMP Reductase 1 (GMPR) is a member of the IMPDH/GMPR family. GMPR exists as a homotetramer and catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase; nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides; and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides. GMP reductase gene expression may be regulated by MITF. At least two different alleles are known.
GNGT1 is a subunit of of transducin. Heterotrimeric G proteins consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. They are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. They function as signal transducers for the 7-transmembrane-helix G protein-coupled receptors. They are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. G proteins are bound to GDP in the 'off' state. GNGT1 is the gamma subunit of transducin. Ligand-receptor binding results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of second messenger signalling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; in addition, some Gbetagamma subunits have active functions. Gbetagamma coupled to H1 receptors can activate PLA2 and Gbetagamma coupled to M1 receptors can activate KIR channels. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.
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