Mouse IL-12 is a heterodimeric pleiotropic cytokine made up of a 40 kDa (p40) subunit and a 35 kDa (p35) subunit. Human and mouse IL-12 share 70% and 60% amino acid sequence identity in their p40 and p35 subunits, respectively. While mouse IL-12 is active on both human and mouse cells, human IL-12 is not active on murine cells. It is involved in the differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells. It is known as a T cell-stimulating factor, which can stimulate the growth and function of T cells. It stimulates the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and reduces IL-4 mediated suppression of IFN-γ. T cells that produce IL-12 have a coreceptor, CD30, which is associated with IL-12 activity. IL-12 plays an important role in the activities of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes.IL-12 mediates enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Mouse interleukin 13 (mIL-13) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by activated Th2 cells. IL-13 induces B cell proliferation and immunoglobin production. It contains a four helical bundle with two internal disulfide bonds. Mouse IL13 shares 58% sequence identity with human protein and exhibits cross-species activity. IL13 signals via receptor IL13R (type2, IL4R) and activates STAT-6. IL13 initially binds IL-13Rα1 with low affinity and triggers association of IL4Rα, generating a high affinity heterodimeric receptor IL13R and eliciting downstream signals. IL13 also binds IL-13Rα2 with high affinity, which plays a role in a negative feedback system of IL13 signaling. IL13 is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.
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