Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD45 Υ (GADD45G) is a nuclear protein which belongs to the GADD45 family. GADD45G is highly expressed in placenta. GADD45G interacts with various proteins whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. GADD45G responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38/JNK pathway via MTK1/MEKK4 kinase. GADD45G is also involved in the regulation of growth and apoptosis. GADD45G inhibits cell growth and differentiation by androgens. The mRNA expression is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Galactolipase; also known as PNLIPRP2; is a lipase with broad substrate specificity. It can hydrolyze both phospholipids and galactolipids. Galactolipase acts preferentially on monoglycerides; phospholipids and galactolipids. It also hydrolyses milk fat with a lower catalytic efficiency. The expressed galactolipase shows a lipolytic activity that is; however; only marginally dependent on the presence of colipase. The lipolytic activity of pancreatic extracts and human pancreatic juice on Labrasol is mainly due to the combined action of carboxyl ester hydrolase and galactolipase.
Pancreatic Lipase-Related Protein 2 (PNLIPRP2) is a secreted protein that belongs to the Lipase family of AB hydrolase superfamily. PNLIPRP2 is a lipase with broad substrate specificity that contains one PLAT domain. PNLIPRP2 is expressed mainly in pancreas. PNLIPRP2 can hydrolyze both phospholipids and galactolipids. PNLIPRP2 acts preferentially on monoglycerides; phospholipids and galactolipids. PNLIPRP2 also contributes to milk fat hydrolysis.
The cluster of differentiation (CD) system is commonly used as cell markers in immunophynotyping. Different kinds of cells in the immune system can be identified through the surface CD molecules which associating with the immune function of the cell. There are more than 320 CD unique clusters and subclusters have been identified. Some of the CD molecules serve as receptors or ligands important to the cell through initiating a signal cascade which then alter the behavior of the cell. Some CD proteins do not take part in cell signal process but have other functions such as cell adhesion. CD180, also known as RP105, is a B-cell surface molecule belonging to the family of pathogen receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLR). CD180 has an extracellular leucine-rich repeats and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD180 / RP105 interact with an extracellular molecule named MD1 and then together form the cell surface receptor complex RP105 / MD1 which induces B-cell activation in humans and mice, leading to proliferation and up-regulation of a costimulatory molecule, B7.2 / CD86. CD180 / RP105 also has a role in LPS response because B cells lacking RP105 show hyporesponsiveness to LPS.
Regulates immune responses through the recognition of cell-surface glycans. Essential for the anergy and suppressive function of CD25-positive regulatory T-cells (Treg).
Binds beta-galactoside and lactose. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. Has hemagglutinating activity towards chicken erythrocytes.
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