Galectin-14 is a member of the Galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. The members of Galectin family contain one or two carbohydrate recognition domains, which can bind β-Galactoside. LGALS14 is expressed intracellularly in placenta and eosinophils, and is released by eosinophils following allergen stimulation. LGALS14 may be involved in the development of allergic inflammation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed.
Galectin-1 (Gal-1, GAL1), is a member of the galectins, a family of animal lectins ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans, which is defined by their affinity for beta-galactosides and by significant sequence similarity in the carbohydrate-binding site. It is a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 14.5 kDa, which contains six cysteine residues per subunit. The cysteine residues should be in a free state in order to maintain a molecular structure that is capable of showing lectin activity. This endogenous lectin widely expressed at sites of inflammation and tumour growth, has been postulated as an attractive immunosuppressive agent to restore immune cell tolerance and homeostasis in autoimmune and inflammatory settings. On the other hand, galectin-1 contributes to different steps of tumour progression including cell adhesion, migration and tumour-immune escape, suggesting that blockade of galectin-1 might result in therapeutic benefits in cancer. Several potential glycoprotein ligands for galectin-1 have been identified, including lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins and fibronectin, laminin, as well as T-cell glycoproteins CD43 and CD45. Evidence points to Gal-1 and its ligands as one of the master regulators of such immune responses as T-cell homeostasis and survival, T-cell immune disorders, inflammation and allergies as well as host-pathogen interactions.
Galectin-1 is a member of growing family of evolutionary conserved animal lectins. Galectin-1 is widely expressed in many cells and tissues. Galectins consists of a Galectin domain and two Beta-galactoside binding domains. Galectin-1 can binds LGALS3BP and interacts with CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD43 and CD45. Galectin-1 may act as an autocrine negative growth factor which regulates apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In addition, Galectin-1 plays improtant roles in immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory properties.
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