Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor-Associated Protein (GABARAP) is a ligand-gated chloride channel protein that mediates inhibitory neurotransmission and belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family. GABARAP is highly positively charged in its N-terminus and shares sequence similarity with light chain-3 of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B. GABARAP clusters neurotransmitter receptors by mediating interaction with the cytoskeleton. Autophagy is the process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and dispose of excess or defective organelles. This process is suggested to be involved development; differentiation; growth regulation and tissue remodeling in multicellular organisms. An important inhibitory neurotransmitter; GABA; acts on GABA receptors that are ubiquitously expressed in the CNS. GABARAP has been shown to play a important role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Receptor-Associated Protein-Like 1 (GABARAPL1) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the MAP1 LC3 family. GABARAPL1 is expressed at very high levels in the brain, heart, peripheral blood leukocytes, liver, kidney, placenta, and skeletal muscle. It can interact with GABRG2, OPRK1 and β-Tubulin. GABARAPL1 increases cell-surface expression of kappa-type opioid receptor through facilitating anterograde intracellular trafficking of the receptor.
γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor β3 subunit (GABRB3) is a candidate gene for autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Alteration in the gene results in increased tactile sensitivity, or hypersensitivity.Overexpression of GABRB3 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of heroin dependence. Aberration or mutation of this gene leads to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Angelman syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome and schizophrenia.[1][3] GABRB3 polymorphisms results in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P).
Glutamate decarboxylase 1, also known as 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform and GAD1, is a member of the ,group II decarboxylase family. GAD1 is expressed in benign and malignant prostatic tissue and may serve as a highly prostate-specific tissue biomarker. GAD1 isoform ,3 is expressed in pancreatic islets, testis, adrenal cortex, and perhaps other endocrine tissues, but not in brain. Tissue-specific markers are useful for identification of tumour type in advanced cancers of unknown origin. In plants, as in most eukaryotes, glutamate decarboxylase catalyses the synthesis of GABA. Root-specific calcium/calmodulin-regulated GAD1 plays a major role in GABA synthesis in plants under normal growth conditions and in response to stress. Defects in GAD1 are the cause of cerebral palsy spastic quadriplegic type 1 (CPSQ1)which is a non-progressive disorder of movement and/or posture resulting from defects in the developing central nervous system. Affected individuals manifest symmetrical, non-progressive spasticity and no adverse perinatal history or obvious underlying alternative diagnosis.
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